Lactic acid bacteria decrease Salmonella enterica Javiana virulence and modulate host inflammation during infection...

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Immunology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Salmonella enterica Javiana is a significant cause of foodborne illness.
• Understanding S. Javiana's interaction with intestinal cells is crucial for developing interventions.
• Limited knowledge exists on mitigating S. Javiana's pathogenic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the interaction between S. Javiana and intestinal epithelial cells.
• To evaluate the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in reducing S. Javiana infection and host cell damage.

Main Methods:

• Cell-based assays (adhesion, invasion, cytotoxicity) were employed.
• The impact of live and heat-killed LAB species on S. Javiana infection was assessed.
• Gene expression (qRT-PCR) and inflammatory cytokine production were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Live Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus significantly impaired S. Javiana invasion.
• Live L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and L. casei reduced S. Javiana-induced cytotoxicity.
• LAB pre-treatment decreased S. Javiana virulence gene expression and host inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

• Live LAB, specifically L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and L. casei, show promise in protecting against S. Javiana infection.
• Probiotic LAB can ameliorate S. Javiana-induced intestinal epithelial damage and inflammation.
• Heat-killed LAB did not confer protective effects, highlighting the importance of live bacteria.