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Maternal hypothyroidism impacts offspring metabolism and thyroid development. Replacing hypothyroid offspring with a euthyroid wet nurse improves thyroid programming but not metabolic programming.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Maternal hypothyroidism during lactation can negatively affect offspring development.
  • Milk quality changes, including reduced proteins, lipids, and lactate, are observed in hypothyroid mothers.
  • Offspring of hypothyroid mothers exhibit impaired growth and metabolic disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of milk quality from hypothyroid mothers on the metabolic and thyroid programming of offspring.
  • To determine if a euthyroid wet nurse can mitigate these effects in hypothyroid offspring.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar rats were induced with hypothyroidism or remained euthyroid.
  • Offspring were divided into euthyroid offspring (EO), hypothyroid offspring (HO), and hypothyroid offspring with a euthyroid replacement wet nurse (HRO).
  • Milk quality, offspring growth, energy intake, metabolic profiles, and thyroid histology were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroid milk had lower protein, lipid, and lactate levels.
  • HO showed reduced weight gain, length, energy intake, and developed impaired glucose and dyslipidemia.
  • HRO experienced partial recovery in thyroid hormone levels and gland weight but retained metabolic alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Lactation with a hypothyroid mother leads to impaired metabolic and thyroid programming in offspring.
  • Utilizing a euthyroid wet nurse for hypothyroid offspring can partially improve thyroid development.
  • Metabolic programming remains largely unaffected by the wet nurse intervention.