Intraoperative blood loss and transfusion during primary pediatric liver transplantation: A single-center experience

Joshua A Villarreal1,2, Dor Yoeli3, Ruth L Ackah4

  • 1Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Insights

Pediatric liver transplant recipients experiencing massive blood loss or requiring transfusion face longer hospital stays. Longer operative times and technical graft variations increase these risks, while admission from home is protective.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Transplantation Surgery
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) carries risks of intraoperative hemorrhage and thrombotic events.
  • Identifying risk factors for massive blood loss and transfusion is crucial for improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel risk factors for massive intraoperative blood loss and transfusion in PLT recipients.
  • To assess the impact of massive blood loss and transfusion on graft survival and hospital length of stay (LOS).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of primary PLTs from September 2007 to September 2016.
  • Massive estimated blood loss (EBL) and massive transfusion (MT) defined as >85th percentile.
  • Statistical analysis including backward stepwise regression.

Main Results:

  • 15% of 250 PLT recipients experienced massive EBL, with significantly longer LOS (31.5 vs 11 days).
  • Massive transfusion also correlated with increased LOS (34 vs 11 days).
  • Independent risk factors for massive EBL/MT included longer operative time and technical variant grafts; admission from home was protective. Recipient weight was a risk factor for MT alone.

Conclusions:

  • Massive EBL and MT are associated with significantly longer hospital LOS in PLT recipients.
  • While not impacting overall graft survival, MT was a risk factor for 30-day graft loss.
  • Operative time and graft type are key modifiable risk factors for intraoperative bleeding and transfusion needs.

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