Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
04:39
Isolation of Primary Mouse Retinal Glial Müller Cells
Published on: August 30, 2024
2.8K
The Hippo Pathway Blocks Mammalian Retinal Müller Glial Cell Reprogramming
Elda M Rueda1, Benjamin M Hall2, Matthew C Hill3
1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Cell Reports
|May 9, 2019
Summary
Mammalian Müller glial cells (MGs) normally cannot regenerate retinal neurons. Repressing the Hippo signaling pathway unlocks their latent regenerative capacity, enabling proliferation and reprogramming.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cell Biology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Zebrafish Müller glial cells (MGs) regenerate retinal neurons after damage.
- Mammalian MGs lack this regenerative ability.
- The Hippo pathway's role in blocking mammalian MG regeneration is unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the regulatory mechanisms preventing mammalian MG proliferation and reprogramming.
- To identify potential strategies for stimulating retinal regeneration in mammals.
Main Methods:
- Investigated the Hippo pathway and its target YAP in mammalian MGs.
- Utilized MG-specific deletion of Hippo components (Lats1/Lats2).
- Employed transgenic expression of a Hippo non-responsive YAP (YAP5SA).
Main Results:
- Hippo pathway-mediated YAP repression blocks mammalian MG proliferation.
- Deletion of Lats1/Lats2 or YAP5SA expression induced Cyclin D1 upregulation.
- These manipulations led to loss of MG identity and a progenitor-like state.
Conclusions:
- Mammalian MGs possess latent regenerative capacity.
- Repressing Hippo signaling can stimulate MG proliferation and reprogramming.
- This finding offers a potential therapeutic avenue for retinal regeneration.
Related Concept Videos
01:04Glial Cells
93.4K
Overview
93.4K
01:31Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells
6.7K
Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...
6.7K
01:29Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
2.6K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.6K
01:27C4 Pathway and CAM
48.9K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
48.9K
01:22Block Diagram Reduction
546
The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
546
01:14Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
2.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.3K