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Abdominal Functional Electrical Stimulation to Augment Respiratory Function in Spinal Cord Injury.

E J McCaughey1,2, J E Butler1,2, R A McBain1,2,3

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Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of abdominal muscles improves cough and respiratory function in individuals with tetraplegia. This noninvasive method can reduce ventilator use and complications, enhancing quality of life.

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acutechronicfunctional electrical stimulationrespiratoryspinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Functional electrical stimulation (FES) applies electrical pulses to nerves for muscle contraction.
  • Abdominal FES stimulates nerves innervating abdominal muscles, inducing contraction even with paralysis post-spinal cord injury.
  • Abdominal muscles are crucial for exhalation and often impaired in tetraplegia, making abdominal FES a potential respiratory support method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance understanding of abdominal FES applications for improving health in spinal cord-injured individuals.
  • To review the efficacy of abdominal FES in managing respiratory dysfunction in tetraplegia.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of existing literature on abdominal FES was conducted.
  • Studies focusing on the application and outcomes of abdominal FES in spinal cord injury patients were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Abdominal FES demonstrated immediate effectiveness in facilitating cough in tetraplegia patients.
  • Repeated abdominal FES application over six weeks improved unassisted respiratory function.
  • Abdominal FES was associated with reduced ventilator duration and tracheostomy cannulation time.

Conclusions:

  • Abdominal FES is a noninvasive technique for functional gains in cough and respiration for acute and chronic tetraplegia.
  • Potential benefits include decreased ventilation duration, easier tracheostomy decannulation, and fewer respiratory complications.
  • These outcomes may lead to reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, and healthcare cost savings.