Lactobacillus intestinalis efficiently produces equol from daidzein and chungkookjang, short-term fermented soybeans

Equol improves menopausal symptoms and it is synthesized from daidzein, one of the isoflavonoids in soybeans, by the bacteria in the large intestines of some people. The purpose of this study was to isolate equol-producing bacteria using daidzein from the intestinal microflora and to produce equol-containing chungkookjang (short-term fermented soybean). Equol-producing bacteria from the feces of Sprague-Dawley female rats were isolated using media containing daidzein. The isolated bacteria were cultured in thioglycollate media and equol production was identified through thin-layer chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The rate of equol production in different concentrations of daidzein was assessed. The expression of genes that code for enzymes associated with the production of equol from daidzein was detected through reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The bacterium we isolated was Lactobacillus intestinalis (LC096206.1, 99%). L. intestinalis was found to express daidzein reductase, dihydrodaidzein reductase, and tetrahydrodaidzein reductase, the enzymes involved in producing equol from daidzein. The conversion rate of equol from daidzein was highest (29.5%) using 200 μM daidzein for 48 h of incubation. When chungkookjang fermented with Bacillus amyloquencies SRCM100001 was incubated with L. intestinalis, 0.32 ± 0.04 mg equol/g chungkookjang was produced. In conclusion, L. intestinalis efficiently produces equol from not only daidzein but also in chungkookjang.