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The orbitofrontal cortex processes neurofeedback failure signals.

Christian Paret1, Jenny Zaehringer2, Matthias Ruf3

  • 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Sagol Brain Institute, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.

Behavioural Brain Research
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurofeedback training can enhance brain self-regulation. This study found the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) processes neurofeedback value, suggesting learning self-regulation involves similar brain networks as goal-directed actions.

Keywords:
AmygdalaFMRIFeedbackGoal-directed learningNeurofeedbackNeuroimagingOrbitofrontal CortexReinforcementRewardVentromedial prefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Neurofeedback, or receiving feedback from neural activity, is a technique used to reinforce brain self-regulation.
  • Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for direct observation of brain activity during neurofeedback training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain processes sequential neurofeedback signals, specifically reward and failure.
  • To determine if the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a role in evaluating the value of neurofeedback.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying learning to self-regulate the brain via neurofeedback.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants underwent real-time fMRI with amygdala neurofeedback using a visual brain-computer interface.
  • The study modeled brain responses to reward and failure signals, considering the immediate preceding feedback.
  • Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) responses in the OFC were analyzed in relation to sequential feedback patterns.

Main Results:

  • The OFC exhibited a negative BOLD response to failure signals when they followed other failure signals.
  • This negative response was less pronounced when failure signals were preceded by reward signals.
  • These findings suggest that the OFC dynamically weighs the value of neurofeedback based on prior outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The OFC demonstrates weighted processing of neurofeedback value, indicating its role in evaluating feedback history.
  • Learning to self-regulate brain activity through neurofeedback may engage neural networks similar to those involved in learning goal-directed actions.
  • This research provides insights into the neural basis of neurofeedback and its potential for enhancing self-regulation and goal-directed learning.