Wearable Devices for Single-Cell Sensing and Transfection
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Published on: December 19, 2024
Lingqian Chang1, Yu-Chieh Wang2, Faheem Ershad3
1School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Nanotechnology for Single Cell Analysis (INSCA), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
Abstract:
Wearable healthcare devices are mainly used for biosensing and transdermal delivery. Recent advances in wearable biosensors allow for long-term and real-time monitoring of physiological conditions at a cellular resolution. Transdermal drug delivery systems have been further scaled down, enabling wide selections of cargo, from natural molecules (e.g., insulin and glucose) to bioengineered molecules (e.g., nanoparticles). Some emerging nanopatches show promise for precise single-cell gene transfection in vivo and have advantages over conventional tools in terms of delivery efficiency, safety, and controllability of delivered dose. In this review, we discuss recent technical advances in wearable micro/nano devices with unique capabilities or potential for single-cell biosensing and transfection in the skin or other organs, and suggest future directions for these fields.
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