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Age-related differences in conversational discourse abilities A comparative study.

Natalie Pereira1, Ana Paula Bresolin Gonçalves2, Mariana Goulart2

  • 1Doctoral student, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Dementia & Neuropsychologia
|May 11, 2019
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Summary

Healthy aging shows distinct conversational discourse (CD) patterns. Older adults exhibit more verbal initiative but fewer word-finding issues compared to younger adults.

Keywords:
agingcommunicationconversational discourseneuropsychological assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurolinguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Conversational discourse (CD) involves complex cognitive functions, including communication and executive abilities.
  • Discourse alterations are common in pathological aging, but changes in healthy aging require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare communicative behaviors in young and older adults during a conversational discourse task.
  • To identify age-related differences in discourse comprehension and production in healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 95 participants (54 young adults, 41 older adults).
  • Utilized the Complementary Procedure of Conversational Discourse Analysis (CPCDA) to score performance.
  • Employed MANCOVA and Chi-square tests for statistical comparison of communicative behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Younger adults demonstrated fewer impairments across expression, pragmatics, cohesion, coherence, comprehension, and emotional prosody.
  • Older adults exhibited greater verbal initiative and fewer word-finding difficulties.
  • Repetitions and false starts were common in both groups, indicating general planning and self-monitoring behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Discursive and cognitive skill assessments are crucial for understanding age-related changes in conversational discourse.
  • Findings may inform the development of screening tools and preventive programs for conversational discourse assessment.