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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
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Surface Pair-Density-Wave Superconducting and Superfluid States.

Mats Barkman1, Albert Samoilenka1, Egor Babaev1

  • 1Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

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|May 11, 2019
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Summary

The Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin, and Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state transitions to a novel surface pair-density-wave state, not directly to a normal state. This robust surface state persists at higher temperatures and fields than the FFLO state.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Superconductivity and superfluidity research

Background:

  • The Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin, and Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state describes inhomogeneous superconducting and superfluid ground states.
  • These states spontaneously break translation symmetries, leading to unique electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transition from the FFLO state to the normal state under varying temperature and Fermi surface splitting.
  • To identify any intermediate or alternative phases that may exist during this transition.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of superconducting and superfluid phase transitions.
  • Examination of system behavior as a function of temperature and Fermi surface splitting.

Main Results:

  • The transition from the FLLO state to the normal state is not direct.
  • An intermediate phase, a surface pair-density-wave state, is identified.
  • This surface state exhibits superconductivity/superfluidity only at the system boundaries, with a normal bulk.

Conclusions:

  • The surface pair-density-wave state is a robust phase, existing at higher temperatures and fields than the FFLO state.
  • This finding reveals a more complex phase diagram for inhomogeneous superconducting systems than previously understood.