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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Observation of Vortex Stripes in UTe2.

Youfang Wang1, Hongxu Yao1, Thomas Winyard2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

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|August 15, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied vortices in Uranium Ditelluride (UTe2) superconductors using scanning SQUID microscopy. They observed stripe patterns in magnetic fields, suggesting a complex, multi-component superconducting state.

Keywords:
UTe2multicomponent superconductorscanning SQUIDvortex stripes

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity Research
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional type-II superconductors exhibit quantum vortices forming regular lattices, dictating magnetic response.
  • Uranium Ditelluride (UTe2) is a heavy fermion superconductor with anomalous properties, but its order parameter remains debated.
  • Understanding the vortex behavior in UTe2 is crucial for elucidating its unconventional superconductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of quantum vortices in UTe2 under varying magnetic fields.
  • To determine if UTe2 possesses a multicomponent superconducting order parameter.
  • To characterize the spatial arrangement and evolution of vortices in UTe2.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy to image vortices.
  • Applying controlled out-of-plane magnetic fields along different crystallographic axes (b and c).
  • Performing simulations based on an anisotropic two-component order parameter model.

Main Results:

  • At low fields, isolated vortices were observed, typical of type-II superconductors.
  • Higher magnetic fields induced stripe patterns of vortices, which changed with vortex density.
  • Vortex stripe formation occurred along different directions depending on the magnetic field's orientation (b or c axis).
  • Simulations using an anisotropic two-component order parameter successfully reproduced the observed stripe patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The observed vortex stripe patterns provide strong evidence for a multicomponent order parameter in UTe2.
  • UTe2 exhibits a complex interplay of multiple length scales, characteristic of nontrivial superconducting states.
  • These findings constrain theoretical models and advance the understanding of exotic superconductivity in heavy fermion materials.