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Routing Protocols for Low Power and Lossy Networks in Internet of Things Applications.

José V V Sobral1,2, Joel J P C Rodrigues3,4,5,6,7, Ricardo A L Rabêlo8

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Summary

This survey explores routing solutions for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), focusing on challenges with the standard RPL protocol and emerging alternatives.

Keywords:
Internet of ThingsLOADngRPLlow-power and lossy networkrouting protocol

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Networking
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Background:

  • The Internet of Things (IoT) relies on the 6LoWPAN stack for IPv6 support.
  • The standard routing protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) is RPL, facing limitations in mobility, P2P traffic, multicast, and dynamic throughput.
  • Existing research highlights drawbacks in RPL's performance for diverse IoT applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an extensive survey of routing solutions for IoT/LLN environments.
  • To analyze existing and emerging routing protocols beyond just RPL enhancements.
  • To identify open issues and suggest future research directions in IoT routing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of routing protocols for IoT and LLNs.
  • Categorization of routing enhancements based on their objectives.
  • Individual analysis of strengths and weaknesses of various approaches.

Main Results:

  • RPL protocol has significant limitations for modern IoT networks.
  • Numerous alternative routing solutions have been proposed, addressing RPL's drawbacks.
  • A comprehensive overview of current IoT routing strategies and their performance is presented.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a structured analysis of IoT routing solutions, highlighting gaps in current research.
  • Identified open issues and future research directions are crucial for advancing IoT network efficiency.
  • This survey serves as a valuable resource for researchers and developers in the IoT routing domain.