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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

7.2K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
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Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

4.6K
The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Zero-Field and Field-Induced Interactions between Multicore Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Andrey A Kuznetsov1,2

  • 1Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS, Perm 614013, Russia. kuznetsov.a@icmm.ru.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Simulations reveal an unexpected attractive magnetic force between multicore magnetic nanoparticles, even without an applied field. This force acts similarly to van der Waals interactions, offering new insights into nanoparticle behavior.

Keywords:
Langevin dynamics simulationsmagentic nanoclustersmagnetic interactionsmulticore magnetic nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding magnetic interactions between nanoparticles is crucial for applications in targeted drug delivery, magnetic storage, and catalysis.
  • Multicore magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer unique magnetic properties due to their complex internal structure.
  • Previous models often simplify MNP interactions, particularly in the absence of external fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic interactions between a pair of multicore magnetic nanoparticles using Langevin dynamics simulations.
  • To evaluate the validity of the induced point-dipole approximation for describing MNP interactions under a uniform magnetic field.
  • To identify and characterize any zero-field magnetic interactions between these nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Langevin dynamics simulations were employed to model the behavior of two multicore magnetic nanoparticles.
  • Multicore nanoparticles were represented as spherical clusters of single-domain superparamagnetic cores with dipole-dipole coupling.
  • Simulations were performed under varying uniform magnetic field strengths, including zero-field conditions.

Main Results:

  • The induced point-dipole approximation accurately describes the magnetic force between well-separated clusters in a strong applied field.
  • Contrary to the approximation, simulations revealed a small but significant attractive magnetic force between clusters in the absence of an applied field.
  • This zero-field attractive force was identified as a superparamagnetic analog of the van der Waals interaction.

Conclusions:

  • The induced point-dipole approximation is insufficient for describing MNP interactions in the zero-field limit.
  • A novel, weak attractive magnetic force exists between multicore magnetic nanoparticles without an applied field.
  • This finding suggests that van der Waals-like forces play a role in the assembly and behavior of MNPs in zero-field conditions, impacting their applications.