Shear-Mode Direct Piezoelectric Response of Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals

Piezoelectricity (linear coupling between mechanical deformation and electric signal) was originally observed only in solid crystals. Recently, it was discovered that liquid ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are also piezoelectric. However, so far only their converse piezoelectric signals (applied voltage-induced mechanical deformation) were measured quantitatively. In this work, we have carried out periodic shear-induced electric current and oscillatory rheology measurements on the two archetypic ferroelectric nematic compounds, RM734 and DIO. From temperature, frequency and strain dependent results of the first and second harmonic current signals together with the results from oscillatory rheometry, we were able to quantitatively determine the shear-mode direct piezoelectric coupling constants. These values are similar for both materials and are compared to results of previous converse piezoelectric measurements. We propose a physical mechanism in which the flow alignment of ferroelectric polarization leads to the direct piezoelectric response.