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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Updates on Chronic HBV: Current Challenges and Future Goals.

Hannah M Lee1, Bubu A Banini2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection offer improved safety and efficacy. While current therapies manage HBV, research into functional cures is advancing with promising agents in clinical trials.

Keywords:
Antiviral therapyChronic hepatitis BFunctional cureNucleoside analoguePerinatal transmissionReactivation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection affects over 257 million globally, posing significant risks for liver cirrhosis, failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Despite effective vaccines, global eradication of HBV remains elusive, and current treatments primarily focus on viral suppression rather than a cure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent updates in the management of chronic HBV, including novel therapeutic agents and treatment strategies.
  • To discuss the potential for curative treatments currently under investigation in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HBV management.
  • Analysis of new drug data, treatment guidelines, and ongoing clinical trials for curative therapies.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) as a potent nucleotide analogue with improved renal and bone safety profiles compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).
  • Updated treatment recommendations for diverse patient populations, including pregnant women and those at risk of HBV reactivation.
  • Evidence supporting antiviral therapy in advanced liver disease, leading to improved patient outcomes.
  • Over 30 potential curative therapeutics are in clinical trials, aiming for a "functional cure" of CHB.

Conclusions:

  • Current antiviral therapies can reverse liver disease, prevent complications, and improve outcomes but necessitate long-term use.
  • Significant unmet need exists for curative HBV treatments, with ongoing research showing promising results for novel agents.