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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

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Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
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Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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Molar Mass01:54

Molar Mass

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The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. For example, water, H2O, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, are alike in that their respective molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. However, because a hydrogen peroxide molecule contains two oxygen atoms, as opposed to the water molecule, which has only one, the two substances exhibit very different properties.
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Sample Preparation for Mass Cytometry Analysis
06:28

Sample Preparation for Mass Cytometry Analysis

Published on: April 29, 2017

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Live Cell Barcoding for Efficient Analysis of Small Samples by Mass Cytometry.

Lisa E Wagar1

  • 1Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford, CA, USA. lwagar@stanford.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mass cytometry often loses cells, especially from small samples. This study introduces live cell barcoding and new methods to improve cell recovery and staining consistency for mass cytometry.

Keywords:
BarcodingCell recoveryCyTOFMass cytometry

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Sample Preparation for Mass Cytometry Analysis
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Phospho Flow Cytometry with Fluorescent Cell Barcoding for Single Cell Signaling Analysis and Biomarker Discovery
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight) is a powerful single-cell analysis technique.
  • Significant cell loss occurs during sample preparation and event acquisition in mass cytometry.
  • Low cell numbers are particularly vulnerable to sample loss, limiting experimental possibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address cell loss issues in mass cytometry.
  • To develop methods for improving cell recovery and staining consistency.
  • To enable robust analysis of small cell samples using mass cytometry.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a live cell barcoding strategy.
  • Development of additional sample preparation efficiency methods.
  • Evaluation of recovery rates and staining consistency for small cell populations.

Main Results:

  • The proposed live cell barcoding scheme enhances cell recovery.
  • Additional efficiency methods contribute to improved sample processing.
  • Consistent staining is achieved even with limited starting cell numbers.

Conclusions:

  • The presented techniques significantly improve cell recovery in mass cytometry.
  • This approach overcomes limitations associated with small sample sizes.
  • Enables reliable and consistent high-dimensional single-cell analysis from low cell inputs.