Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: Definition, Natural History, Conservative Management, and Surgical Treatment

Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is one of the most common causes of low back pain and is defined as displacement of one vertebra over subjacent vertebra, associated with degenerative changes, without an associated disruption or defect in the vertebral ring. Undersetanding natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis is important to tailor an individualized management plan for each patient. A trial of conservative therapy may be considered for patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis presenting with radiculopathy and/or pseudoclaudication. These options may include physical therapy, epidural steroid injection, and pain medications. If unresolved, surgical options may include decompression alone or decompression and fusion.