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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
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Acromegaly and Heart Failure.

Annamaria Colao1, Ludovica F S Grasso1, Carolina Di Somma2

  • 1Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Heart Failure Clinics
|May 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acromegaly causes heart disease, including hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, in patients with excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Treatment improves cardiac function, but severe heart failure may not be reversible.

Keywords:
AcromegalyCardiomyopathyHeart failureMedical therapyPituitary adenoma

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic excess of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in acromegaly leads to specific cardiovascular complications.
  • Acromegalic cardiomyopathy involves concentric cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and potentially systolic dysfunction, progressing to heart failure in uncontrolled cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the cardiovascular complications of acromegaly, focusing on acromegalic cardiomyopathy.
  • To assess the impact of disease duration and control on cardiac structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on acromegaly and its cardiovascular manifestations.
  • Analysis of reported prevalence and progression of cardiac dysfunction in acromegalic patients.

Main Results:

  • Diastolic dysfunction affects 11-58% of patients, typically mild; systolic dysfunction and overt heart failure (CHF) are rare (1-4%) in untreated disease.
  • Disease duration is critical in developing acromegalic cardiomyopathy.
  • Treatment of acromegaly improves cardiac structure and function, but established dilative cardiomyopathy with CHF may not be reversible.

Conclusions:

  • Acromegaly poses significant cardiovascular risks, primarily through acromegalic cardiomyopathy.
  • Early diagnosis and effective control of GH/IGF-I excess are crucial to prevent severe cardiac damage.
  • While treatment can halt progression, irreversible cardiac damage may occur in advanced stages.