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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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[Human poxvirus infections].

G Bohelay1, T-A Duong2

  • 1Service de dermatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France.

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie
|May 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poxvirus infections, including molluscum contagiosum and cowpox virus, present diverse cutaneous signs. Emerging zoonotic strains pose risks due to exotic pets and travel, necessitating vigilance.

Keywords:
Molluscum contagiosumOrfOrthopoxvirusParapoxvirusPoxvirusSmallpoxVariole

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Poxvirus infections commonly cause skin manifestations, ranging from benign molluscum contagiosum to severe cowpox virus (CPXV).
  • Most poxviruses are zoonotic, originating from animal reservoirs, with increasing global risks due to exotic pet trade and international travel.
  • While smallpox and molluscum contagiosum transmit human-to-human, other poxviruses like CPXV and monkeypox are potential emergent threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the spectrum of poxvirus infections encountered in dermatology.
  • To emphasize the growing risk of zoonotic poxvirus transmission and global spread.
  • To underscore the importance of recognizing potentially emergent poxviruses and the ongoing threat of smallpox reintroduction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of poxvirus infections.
  • Analysis of epidemiological factors contributing to disease spread.
  • Assessment of public health implications of zoonotic and eradicated viral threats.

Main Results:

  • Common poxviruses in France include molluscum contagiosum, orf, and milker's nodule.
  • Cowpox virus (CPXV) and monkeypox are identified as potentially emergent viruses with epidemic potential.
  • Smallpox, though eradicated, remains a monitored threat due to bioterrorism risks.

Conclusions:

  • Dermatologists must be adept at identifying various poxviruses, including less common zoonotic strains.
  • Increased global travel and exotic pet ownership necessitate enhanced surveillance for emerging poxvirus diseases.
  • The potential for smallpox reintroduction requires continued monitoring and preparedness.