The kinetics of calcium binding to fura-2 and indo-1

The kinetics of Ca2+ dissociation from fura-2 and indo-1 were measured using a stopped-flow spectrofluorimeter. The dissociation rate constants were 84 s-1 and 130 s-1, respectively, in 0.1 M KC1 at 20 degrees C. The rate constants were insensitive to pH over the range 7.0 to 8.0. The second order association rate constants were estimated indirectly to be in the region of 5 X 10(8) M-1 X s-1 and thus approach the diffusion-controlled limit. The results demonstrate that these new generation indicators are well-suited to measure rapid changes in concentration of intracellular Ca2+.