Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Cell Wall01:22

Bacterial Cell Wall

2.3K
The bacterial cell wall is an essential structural component that encases the plasma membrane, preserving cellular integrity, determining shape, and protecting against osmotic stress. This rigid yet flexible structure primarily comprises peptidoglycan, a polymer that forms a mesh-like matrix conferring mechanical strength and flexibility.Peptidoglycan Composition and StructurePeptidoglycan, the core of the bacterial cell wall, comprises alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and...
2.3K
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

60.2K
The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
60.2K
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

7.4K
Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
7.4K
Archaeal Cell Wall01:29

Archaeal Cell Wall

1.1K
Archaeal cell walls are structurally and compositionally distinct from their bacterial counterparts, lacking the characteristic peptidoglycan layer found in most bacteria. Instead, archaeal cell walls exhibit remarkable diversity, utilizing materials such as pseudomurein, polysaccharides, and proteins to construct their protective outer layers. This structural flexibility is closely tied to archaea's ecological adaptability.S-Layers: The Common Archaeal Cell WallThe S-layer is the most...
1.1K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.0K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.0K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.1K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of the complete pathway for conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen by human gut bacteria.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Chemical Probes to Reveal the Assembly and Dynamics of Wall Teichoic Acids.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Intelectin-2 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial lectin.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The mycomembrane proteins PorH and ProtX are inserted at polar growth zones and linked to the cell wall.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Metabolic rewiring of isoniazid sensitivity in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Intelectin-2 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial lectin.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

10.3K

Bacterial Cell Wall Modification with a Glycolipid Substrate.

Phillip J Calabretta1, Heather L Hodges, Matthew B Kraft

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel strategy using synthetic lipid-linked glycans to probe bacterial cell wall structures. This method overcomes limitations of traditional metabolic incorporation, enabling detailed analysis and manipulation of complex glycan biosynthesis.

More Related Videos

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays
12:30

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays

Published on: December 17, 2012

15.1K
Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
09:11

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification

Published on: February 19, 2015

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

10.3K
Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays
12:30

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays

Published on: December 17, 2012

15.1K
Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
09:11

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification

Published on: February 19, 2015

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Glycobiology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Glycans are crucial in biological processes, but methods to study their cellular structures are limited.
  • Metabolic incorporation of non-natural sugars is a common technique, but it faces challenges with complex bacterial pathways and recalcitrant structures.
  • Existing methods often focus on nucleotide sugars, leaving gaps in understanding other biosynthetic intermediates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for probing bacterial glycan structures that are difficult to study using metabolic incorporation.
  • To complement existing approaches focused on nucleotide sugars by targeting lipid-linked glycan intermediates.
  • To investigate the potential of synthetic glycolipids as biosynthetic intermediates for chemical complementation and cell wall analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of synthetic arabinofuranosyl phospholipids as non-natural glycolipid donors.
  • Testing the synthetic donors in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium smegmatis models.
  • Utilizing a C. glutamicum mutant lacking arabinan for chemical complementation experiments.
  • Employing isotopically labeled glycan substrates for cell wall characterization via NMR.
  • Assessing the processing of synthetic donors by arabinofuranosyl transferases and their effect on cell envelope recovery.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic non-natural glycolipids successfully served as biosynthetic intermediates, restoring cell wall arabinan in a C. glutamicum mutant.
  • The addition of a synthetic lipid-based probe allowed for comprehensive cell wall characterization using NMR.
  • All five known arabinofuranosyl transferases processed the exogenous lipid-linked sugar donor, leading to complete cell envelope recovery.
  • The lipid-based probe could rescue wild-type cells treated with a cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor.

Conclusions:

  • Surrogates of natural lipid-linked glycans can effectively intervene in cellular glycan biosynthesis pathways.
  • Biosynthetic incorporation of synthetic lipid-linked glycans is a powerful strategy for probing glycan structure and function in bacteria.
  • This approach offers a valuable alternative for studying complex glycan structures recalcitrant to traditional methods.