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Meta-analysis of urbanization impact on rainfall modification.
Jie Liu1,2, Dev Niyogi3,4
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Scientific Reports
|May 16, 2019
Summary
Urbanization significantly alters rainfall patterns, increasing precipitation by up to 18% downwind and 16% over cities. These findings are crucial for understanding urban flooding and hydroclimatology.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Atmospheric Science
- Urban Climatology
Background:
- Urbanization is known to influence rainfall, but existing studies show variability in the extent and location of these changes.
- A comprehensive understanding of urban-induced rainfall modification is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a systematic meta-analysis to quantify the effects of urbanization on rainfall.
- To synthesize findings from diverse studies to provide a clearer picture of rainfall modification.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search identified over 2000 papers, with 489 analyzed in detail.
- 85 studies from 48 papers were included in a quantitative meta-analysis.
- Results were analyzed based on study type (case vs. climatological, observational vs. modeling) and time of day (day vs. night).
Main Results:
- Urbanization enhances mean precipitation by 18% downwind of cities and 16% over cities.
- Rainfall increases of 2% and 4% were observed on the left and right sides, respectively, relative to storm direction.
- The most significant rainfall enhancement was detected 20-50 km from the city center.
Conclusions:
- Urban processes demonstrably modify rainfall patterns, increasing precipitation both over and downwind of urban areas.
- Findings have significant implications for urban flood risk assessment and hydroclimatological studies.
- Standardization of result presentation in future research is recommended to improve generalization.
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