Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

18.7K

Diagnostic tool for initial evaluation of the intracranial pressure on computed tomography in pediatric patients with

Tetiana Bartsikhovsky1,2, Miriam M Klar1,2, Inessa Bekerman1,2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zeriffin, Israel.

Plos One
|May 16, 2019
PubMed

Insights

The optic nerve sheath diameter to eyeball transverse diameter (ONSD/ETD) ratio can help diagnose papilledema in children with headaches. An ONSD/ETD index of 0.21 effectively identifies pediatric patients with headache and papilledema.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Headache is a common pediatric complaint with diverse causes, ranging from benign to serious.
  • Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can cause papilledema, a serious headache etiology requiring prompt diagnosis.
  • Diagnosing papilledema in pediatric headache patients is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) to eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) ratio.
  • To assess the ONSD/ETD index for diagnosing papilledema in pediatric patients with headaches.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of pediatric head CT scans (January 2013-December 2015) with normal brain findings.
  • Patients with headaches were categorized based on funduscopic evaluation: with or without papilledema.
  • A control group without headaches was included; ONSD and ETD were measured blindly by a neuroradiologist.

Main Results:

  • The ONSD/ETD index was significantly higher in patients with papilledema (median 0.24) versus those without (median 0.18) and controls (median 0.17) (p<0.001).
  • The ONSD/ETD index demonstrated excellent discrimination for headache with papilledema (AUC = 0.96).
  • An ONSD/ETD index of 0.21 showed 82% sensitivity and 93% specificity for identifying pediatric headache with papilledema.

Conclusions:

  • The ONSD/ETD index is a valuable tool for diagnosing papilledema in pediatric headache patients.
  • An ONSD/ETD index of 0.21 serves as a practical reference for identifying elevated intracranial pressure and papilledema.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter10:02

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter

Published on: December 19, 2017

15.2K
Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans12:32

Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans

Published on: September 27, 2020

10.2K

Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
8.1K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
214
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
276
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
200
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
321
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
261