Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

832
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
832
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice01:30

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

17.3K
Theories play an essential role in organizing patient care. Theories refer to a proposed or followed belief, policy, or procedure that is the basis for action. Nursing theories are knowledge-based concepts that guide nurses' actions, influence nursing education and practice, and allow nurses to care for their patients.
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...
17.3K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.5K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.6K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.1K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.1K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Patient-derived surgical samples reveal the cellular and molecular signatures of glioblastoma infiltration in distinct radiological zones.

Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

High Tibial Osteotomy for Knee Osteoarthritis with Genu Varum: A Retrospective, Observational Study.

Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology·2026
Same author

How Could Meta-Assessment Enhance the Coaching-Learning Process? A Longitudinal Study in a Youth Female Volleyball Team.

Research quarterly for exercise and sport·2026
Same author

Health gains from rehabilitation programs implemented by nurses for older people with impaired mobility and self-care deficit: A scoping review.

International journal of nursing studies advances·2026
Same author

Production and Characterization of a Pullulan-Based Facial Mask Incorporating Grape Seed Flour Extract for Cosmeceutical Applications.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Profound Impact of Local Climatic Conditions on IgE Sensitization Profiles: Evidence from Argentine Cities.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol
06:11

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.8K

A theoretical study on municipal solid waste plasma gasification.

Raquel Tavares1, Ana Ramos2, Abel Rouboa3

  • 1LAETA/INEGI/UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Plasma gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) using air, O2, or steam produces valuable syngas. Steam yields high hydrogen, while O2 produces CO-rich syngas with enhanced heating value.

Keywords:
Aspen PlusGasificationMSWPlasmaSyngas

More Related Videos

Isolation and Analysis of Traceable and Functionalized Extracellular Vesicles from the Plasma and Solid Tissues
09:57

Isolation and Analysis of Traceable and Functionalized Extracellular Vesicles from the Plasma and Solid Tissues

Published on: October 17, 2022

2.7K
Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes
16:33

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Published on: December 12, 2013

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol
06:11

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.8K
Isolation and Analysis of Traceable and Functionalized Extracellular Vesicles from the Plasma and Solid Tissues
09:57

Isolation and Analysis of Traceable and Functionalized Extracellular Vesicles from the Plasma and Solid Tissues

Published on: October 17, 2022

2.7K
Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes
16:33

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Published on: December 12, 2013

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Energy Technology

Background:

  • Waste reduction and synthetic gas (syngas) production are critical for sustainable energy. Plasma gasification offers an innovative approach to treat municipal solid waste (MSW).
  • Understanding the influence of key parameters on syngas composition is essential for optimizing the gasification process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of equivalence ratio (ER), steam to MSW ratio (S/MSW), and temperature (T) on syngas composition.
  • To evaluate the performance of different gasification agents (air, O2, steam) in plasma gasification of MSW.
  • To assess the lower heating value (LHV) of the produced syngas.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a validated Aspen Plus model for high-temperature plasma gasification of MSW.
  • Simulated gasification using air, O2, and steam as agents.
  • Analyzed syngas composition and LHV under varying operational conditions (ER, S/MSW, T).

Main Results:

  • Steam as a gasification agent achieved the highest hydrogen yield (64% molar fraction).
  • Oxygen utilization resulted in a CO-enriched syngas (58% molar fraction).
  • Optimal conditions (ER=1, O2 agent, 1500°C) yielded enhanced LHV of 13 MJ/Nm³ due to CO formation.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma gasification is effective for MSW treatment, producing syngas with diverse applications.
  • Gasification agent selection significantly impacts syngas composition and quality.
  • High-temperature operation effectively mitigates tar-related issues in the gasification process.