[Epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of oral mucosa bullous lesions]

OBJECTIVE Based on the data available in modern literature, to conduct a study on the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of bullous lesions of the oral mucosa (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid bullosa, lichen ruber planus).

The article is based on the study of materials of foreign and domestic research databases Pubmed and Elibrary. Used literature data over the past 15 years.

According to domestic and foreign studies, among dermatological diseases, the most frequently detected diseases are: lichen ruber planus, pemphigoid bullosa and pemphigus vulgaris. The initial signs of these diseases are often neglected, both in patients and doctors, which leads to irreversible changes and severe course of the pathological process. In this connection, the number of patients with these lesions of the oral mucosa increases every year in all countries of the world. Bullous lesions of the oral mucosa are inflammatory and destructive diseases characterized mainly by recurrent course, variety of clinical manifestations, resistance to various therapeutic drugs. The specific features of the course of these diseases are explained both by the anatomical and physiological features of the oral mucosa, and by the etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms of development. Currently, autoimmune processes play a leading role in the genesis of diseases, developing in response to changes in the antigenic structure of epidermal and epithelial cells under the influence of various damaging agents.

Thanks to the study, it was found that currently there are no data confirming the presence of microbial contamination of the tissues of the oral mucosa in the pathology under study. Not enough information on the factors of the immune response, in particular, on proinflammatory cytokines in the tissues of the oral mucosa.