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Emergent equilibrium in many-body optical bistability.

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This study reveals that driven-dissipative quantum systems, like those in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), can exhibit emergent equilibrium behavior. Their quantum dynamics simplify to classical Ising models, aiding the study of phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Many-body systems

Background:

  • Quantum-optical systems offer new platforms for many-body physics.
  • Driven-dissipative and nonequilibrium settings challenge traditional physics.
  • Understanding fluctuations, dimensionality, and symmetry is crucial for collective behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model.
  • Explore emergent equilibrium descriptions in quantum systems.
  • Connect many-body physics techniques with quantum optics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilize functional integrals from many-body physics.
  • Employ the system-size expansion from quantum optics.
  • Derive nonequilibrium Langevin equations for weak interactions.

Main Results:

  • The driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model exhibits an emergent classical Ising model steady state.
  • Quantum dynamics reduce to Langevin equations in the weak interaction limit.
  • Phase transitions align with Hohenberg-Halperin model A.

Conclusions:

  • Driven-dissipative quantum systems can display equilibrium characteristics.
  • Classical models like the Ising model can describe complex quantum phenomena.
  • Simulations confirm Ising-like behavior in experimental observables.