Item-based directed forgetting for categorized lists: Forgetting of words that were not presented

The effect of item-based directed forgetting (DF) on recognition memory for categorized word lists was examined. For half of the categories, all studied exemplars were followed by a remember cue; for the other half of the categories, all studied exemplars were followed by a forget cue. In Experiment 1, a 2-alternative forced-choice recognition test showed decreased recognition for to-be-forgotten items. This effect was seen both when the distractor was from the same category as the target requiring discrimination be based on memory for the specific studied exemplars (exemplar test condition) and when the distractor was from a novel category and discrimination could be based on memory for the studied categories (category test condition). In Experiment 2, a yes-no recognition test showed a DF effect not only in higher hit rates for remember-cued targets compared to forget-cued targets, but also in higher false alarm rates for new exemplars from remember-cued compared to forget-cued categories. The effects of intentional forgetting of categorized word lists are seen not only for the studied exemplars but also for the studied categories and the unstudied typical exemplars of these categories. These results pose a theoretical challenge for the attentional inhibition account of DF. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).