[Bayesian inference in clinical reasoning]

A conceptual analysis of diagnostic reasoning in clinical practice is carried out. Using Bayesian inference as an alternative to frequentist inference usually used in science, clinical reasoning uses the scientific method step by step. The concepts of scientific method, probability, statistics and Bayesian inference are reviewed, highlighting their fundamental differences with the frequentist approach. This paper shows how the diagnostic approach proceeds in a Bayesian sense, ending with a basic example of application.