Ultrasound of the pediatric chest

Cross-sectional imaging modalities like MRI and CT provide images of the chest which are easily understood by clinicians. However, these modalities may not always be available and are expensive. Lung ultrasonography (US) has therefore become an important tool in the hands of clinicians as an extension of the clinical exam, which has been underutilized by the radiologists. Reinforcement of the ALARA principle along with the dictum of "Image gently" have resulted in increased use of modalities which do not require radiation. Hence, ultrasound, which was earlier being used mainly to confirm the presence of pleural effusion as well as evaluate it and differentiate solid from cystic masses, is now being used to evaluate the lung as well. This review highlights the utility of ultrasound of the paediatric chest. It also describes the normal and abnormal appearances of the paediatric lung on ultrasound as well as the advantages and limitations of this modality.