Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.2K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

70.9K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
70.9K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.6K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.6K
Drug-Receptor Interactions01:29

Drug-Receptor Interactions

7.4K
Drug-receptor interaction describes the binding of receptors by drugs, but not all drug-receptor interactions result in activation and tissue response. For instance, the binding of agonists activates the receptor to generate a cellular reaction, while antagonists bind to receptors without causing their activation.
Several parameters, such as the drug's affinity for its receptor and its efficacy, which is its ability to activate the receptor, determine the drug's effect on the tissue....
7.4K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

1.1K
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
1.1K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.3K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gut microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate alphavirus arthritis and macrophage activation in mice.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

IgA is necessary and sufficient to prevent norovirus infection in mice.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

dsRADAR: Imaging and Quantifying Cellular dsRNA by Repurposing RNA Binding Proteins.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

STAT1 expression in myeloid cells restrains murine norovirus-induced hepatitis and fibrosis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A microphysiologic human cervical model recapitulates microbial, immune, and pathogenic properties of sexually transmitted infections.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Gut microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate joint inflammation and activation of infiltrating and resident myeloid cells after alphavirus infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Visualization of Gut Microbiota-host Interactions via Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Lectin Staining, and Imaging
09:31

Visualization of Gut Microbiota-host Interactions via Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Lectin Staining, and Imaging

Published on: July 9, 2021

9.5K

Interactions between noroviruses, the host, and the microbiota.

Forrest C Walker1, Megan T Baldridge1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
|May 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota influences norovirus infection by modulating the host interferon response. Understanding these microbial interactions is key to controlling viral pathogenesis.

More Related Videos

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

5.0K
Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle
06:56

Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle

Published on: October 8, 2021

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Visualization of Gut Microbiota-host Interactions via Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Lectin Staining, and Imaging
09:31

Visualization of Gut Microbiota-host Interactions via Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Lectin Staining, and Imaging

Published on: July 9, 2021

9.5K
An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

5.0K
Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle
06:56

Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle

Published on: October 8, 2021

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host-pathogen interactions, including norovirus infections.
  • Both proviral and antiviral effects of the microbiota on noroviruses have been documented.
  • Microbial metabolites and host immune responses are key factors in norovirus pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight differences and similarities in microbiota interactions between human and murine noroviruses.
  • To underscore shared characteristics between noroviruses and other gastrointestinal viruses.
  • To emphasize the role of the microbiota in regulating the host interferon response during norovirus infection.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of human and murine norovirus interactions with the host microbiota.
  • Review of existing literature on microbial modulation of viral infections.
  • Focus on the host interferon response as a key regulatory mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The microbiota significantly impacts norovirus infection through direct and indirect mechanisms.
  • Regulation of the host interferon response by microbiota members is a common theme.
  • Key differences exist between human and murine norovirus-microbiota interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiota composition and function are critical determinants of norovirus infection outcomes.
  • The host interferon pathway is a central target for microbial modulation of norovirus.
  • Insights into norovirus-microbiota interactions can inform strategies against other gastrointestinal viruses.