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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

Constant Volume Calorimetry

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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Insights and Innovations in Gene Expression Manipulation Techniques for Choroid Plexus Research
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Choroid plexus volume after stroke.

Natalia Egorova1,2,3, Elie Gottlieb1,3, Mohamed Salah Khlif1,3

  • 1Dementia Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke survivors exhibit larger choroid plexus volumes compared to controls, with no changes observed in the first year post-stroke. Lateral ventricle volumes, however, enlarged over time, particularly on the stroke side.

Keywords:
Strokechoroid plexuslateral ventriclesstructural magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation is vital for brain function.
  • Alterations in ventricle and choroid plexus morphology are linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
  • The choroid plexus's role post-stroke in humans remains understudied, despite its known involvement in neuroinflammation and brain repair in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural changes in the choroid plexus following stroke.
  • To quantify choroid plexus and lateral ventricle volumes in stroke patients and controls over one year.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized automatic segmentation to measure choroid plexus and lateral ventricle volumes at baseline, 3, and 12 months post-stroke.
  • Employed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, comparing stroke and control groups.
  • Differentiated between ipsilesional and contralesional choroid plexus volumes in stroke participants, controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume.

Main Results:

  • Stroke participants demonstrated significantly larger choroid plexus volumes than controls, confirmed by both cross-sectional and longitudinal data.
  • Choroid plexus volumes remained stable throughout the first year post-stroke, with no significant differences between ipsilesional and contralesional sides.
  • Lateral ventricles showed progressive enlargement in all participants, with a more rapid expansion observed on the ipsilesional side in stroke survivors.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic stroke is associated with enlarged choroid plexus volumes.
  • The observed enlargement of the choroid plexus likely occurs before or very early after the stroke event.
  • Lateral ventricle enlargement post-stroke, especially ipsilesionally, suggests ongoing structural changes in the CSF system.