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Polyprotic Acids

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Preparation of Keratin Hydrolysate from Chicken Feathers and Its Application in Cosmetics
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An Extremely Rare Case of Leukoderma Induced by Cosmetics Containing Ascorbic Acid.

Madoka Takafuji1, Atsushi Tanemura1, Ichiro Katayama1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.

Case Reports in Dermatology
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A 73-year-old woman developed leukoderma from Obaji C Serum containing ascorbic acid. Treatment with excimer light phototherapy effectively restored skin pigmentation, marking a novel cosmetic-induced dermatosis case.

Keywords:
Ascorbic acidCosmetics-induced leukodermaHypopigmented maculeMelanocyte stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Cosmetic products are widely used for skin enhancement.
  • Adverse reactions to cosmetic ingredients can occur, necessitating investigation.

Observation:

  • A 73-year-old woman presented with sudden onset hypopigmented macules on her cheek.
  • The lesions appeared within one month of using Obaji C Serum, a cosmetic containing ascorbic acid.
  • No history of rhododenol-containing cosmetic use was reported.

Findings:

  • Histopathology showed a decrease in mature melanocytes and significant perifollicular T lymphocyte infiltration.
  • The condition is characterized as cosmetic-induced leukoderma (hypopigmentation).

Implications:

  • Ascorbic acid in cosmetics can potentially induce leukoderma.
  • Early diagnosis and cessation of the offending cosmetic are crucial.
  • Excimer light phototherapy shows promise for treating this specific type of induced hypopigmentation.