Pneumatosis Coli in a Dog

The objective of this report is to document a case of pneumatosis coli in an immunosuppressed dog successfully treated with supportive care that included hyperbaric oxygen. A 9 yr old, neutered male Maltese was presented for hematochezia of ∼36 h duration. The dog had a history of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia that was well managed with prednisone and azathioprine. Initial evaluation was unremarkable except for increased rectal temperature and hematochezia on digital rectal examination. Abdominal radiographs revealed diffuse gas within the colonic wall consistent with pneumatosis coli. Scant-free air was also appreciated in the peritoneal and retroperitoneal cavities. The dog was managed for 4 days in hospital with broad spectrum antibiotic, anthelminthic, and gastroprotectant therapy. He received one session of hyperbaric oxygen therapy while in hospital. Repeat abdominal radiographs after 72 hr of medical management showed improvement of the pneumatosis coli. After 4 days of hospitalization, he was discharged with resolution of clinical signs. Pneumatosis coli is rarely diagnosed in dogs but should be considered in cases with clinical signs of colorectal disease.