Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

35.5K
Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
35.5K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

71.4K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
71.4K
Enthalpy of Solution02:39

Enthalpy of Solution

30.2K
There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
30.2K
Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

37.0K
There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
37.0K
Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

22.3K
According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
22.3K
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

47.3K
The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution.  In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
47.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Room Temperature Synthesis of a Covalent Monolayer Sheet at Air/Water Interface Using a Shape-Persistent Photoreactive Amphiphilic Monomer.

ACS macro letters·2022
Same author

Correction to Photochemical Creation of Covalent Organic 2D Monolayer Objects in Defined Shapes <i>via</i> a Lithographic 2D Polymerization.

ACS nano·2019
Same author

Photochemical Creation of Covalent Organic 2D Monolayer Objects in Defined Shapes via a Lithographic 2D Polymerization.

ACS nano·2018
Same author

Ink-Free Reversible Optical Writing in Monolayers by Polymerization of a Trifunctional Monomer: Toward Rewritable "Molecular Paper".

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2017
Same author

How the World Changes By Going from One- to Two-Dimensional Polymers in Solution.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2016
Same author

Two-dimensional polymers: concepts and perspectives.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A General Method for Evaluating Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Rats
12:44

A General Method for Evaluating Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Rats

Published on: November 4, 2011

13.8K

Transparent microparticles in water/sucrose solution.

Payam Payamyar1

  • 1Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. payamyar@seas.harvard.edu payamyar@hhu.de.

Soft Matter
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed transparent microparticles from heptafluoro-n-butyl methacrylate via dispersion polymerization. These particles are suitable for imaging deep within aqueous environments using confocal microscopy.

More Related Videos

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh
11:09

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

10.7K
Porous Silicon Microparticles for Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics
08:31

Porous Silicon Microparticles for Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics

Published on: January 15, 2015

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A General Method for Evaluating Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Rats
12:44

A General Method for Evaluating Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Rats

Published on: November 4, 2011

13.8K
Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh
11:09

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

10.7K
Porous Silicon Microparticles for Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics
08:31

Porous Silicon Microparticles for Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics

Published on: January 15, 2015

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Developing advanced materials for biological imaging is crucial.
  • Microparticles offer unique properties for studying aqueous systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize transparent microparticles for bio-imaging.
  • To characterize their optical and imaging properties in aqueous media.

Main Methods:

  • Dispersion polymerization of heptafluoro-n-butyl methacrylate.
  • Particle characterization in water/sucrose mixtures.
  • Confocal fluorescence microscopy for deep imaging.

Main Results:

  • Achieved facile, one-step synthesis of microparticles.
  • Obtained transparent particles with a refractive index of 1.3770 in water/sucrose.
  • Demonstrated imaging 80 μm deep with fluorescently labeled particles at 1 vol% concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Synthesized microparticles are suitable for (bio-)physical studies in aqueous environments.
  • The transparency and imaging capabilities open new avenues for research.
  • These particles serve as valuable tools for advanced microscopy in biological systems.