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Epigenetic Gene Regulation by Dietary Compounds in Cancer Prevention

McKale Montgomery1, Aishwarya Srinivasan1

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.

Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|May 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Dietary components can target epigenetic mechanisms for cancer prevention. Further research is needed to harness these compounds for effective human chemoprevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Cancer is traditionally viewed as a genetic disease, but epigenetic dysregulation is also a key driver.
  • Epigenetic alterations are reversible, presenting promising therapeutic and chemopreventive targets.
  • Dietary components show potential for targeting epigenetic pathways in cancer, but human applications are nascent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic regulation and its clinical applications in cancer.
  • To explore the role of dietary components in epigenetic regulation for cancer prevention.
  • To discuss challenges and precautions for dietary-based chemoprevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer.
  • Analysis of studies on dietary components and epigenetic regulation.
  • Discussion of clinical applications and future directions for dietary interventions.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations are common in cancer and are reversible, unlike genetic mutations.
  • Dietary compounds possess the capacity to influence epigenetic regulation.
  • Evidence suggests potential for dietary epigenetic regulators in secondary cancer prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics offers a reversible target for cancer therapy and prevention.
  • Dietary interventions show promise for epigenetic modulation in cancer chemoprevention.
  • Harnessing dietary strategies requires further research to overcome challenges and ensure efficacy and safety.
Keywords:
DNA methylationbioactive componentchemopreventionhistone modificationsnoncoding RNAs

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