Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
05:47
Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
Published on: June 13, 2025
1.4K
At what cost is performance-based financing implemented? Novel evidence from Malawi
Manuela De Allegri1, Chris Makwero2, Aleksandra Torbica3
1Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, INF 130.3, Heidelberg, Germany.
Health Policy and Planning
|May 19, 2019
Summary
Implementing performance-based financing (PBF) in Malawi, through the SSDI-PBI program, cost over $3.4 million. Personnel expenses were the largest cost, highlighting PBF
Area of Science:
- Health Economics
- Public Health Policy
- Resource Allocation
Background:
- Performance-based financing (PBF) is a strategy to improve healthcare delivery.
- Introducing strategic purchasing in low-income countries requires understanding associated costs.
- The Support for Service Delivery Integration Performance-Based Incentives (SSDI-PBI) programme was piloted in Malawi.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the full economic cost of implementing the SSDI-PBI programme in Malawi.
- To differentiate between design and implementation costs.
- To analyze cost components including personnel and non-personnel expenses.
Main Methods:
- Economic cost analysis.
- Retrospective cost tracing over the 2012-2015 period.
- Categorization of costs into design, implementation, and incentives.
Main Results:
- The total cost of the SSDI-PBI programme was USD 3,402,187, averaging USD 6.46 per beneficiary.
- Design costs constituted approximately one-third of total expenditure.
- Personnel costs were the dominant category, accounting for USD 1,605,178.
Conclusions:
- Implementing PBF, such as the SSDI-PBI programme, requires significant resource investment.
- Incentives formed a substantial portion of implementation costs.
- The substantial resource consumption indicates a considerable opportunity cost for the health system.
Related Concept Videos
02:55The Evidence for Evolution
47.7K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
47.7K
01:15Nursing Implementation
6.0K
Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase.
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
6.0K
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
2.3K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.3K
01:25Role of Communication in the Nursing Process II: Planning and Implementation
2.6K
Several factors are considered while creating a patient's care plan. Motivation is a factor in improving communication, and patients often require encouragement to try different approaches involving significant change. It is essential to involve the patient and family in decisions about the plan of care to determine whether the suggested methods are acceptable. Consider meeting critical comfort and safety needs before introducing new communication methods and techniques. Allow adequate time...
2.6K
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
1.4K
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
1.4K
01:24Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching II: Planning and Implementation
2.0K
Planning for learning involves the development of a teaching plan. Teaching plans are similar to nursing care plans—both follow the steps of the nursing process. Planning in the teaching process involves setting goals and outcomes. Here, goals identify what a patient needs to achieve to understand a healthcare topic better, whereas the outcomes are the action to be performed by the patient to achieve the goal within a timeframe. For example, if the goal is to educate the patient about...
2.0K