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Serologically defined V region subgroups of human lambda light chains.

A Solomon, D T Weiss

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |August 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human lambda light chains are classified into five V lambda subgroups using antisera. The V lambda VI subgroup is preferentially associated with amyloidosis AL, indicating potential genetic insights.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Human Genetics

    Background:

    • Human lambda light chains are crucial components of immunoglobulins.
    • Antisera against Bence Jones proteins and lambda chains enable classification.
    • Existing classifications are based on serological and sequence homology data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To classify human lambda light chains into distinct V lambda subgroups.
    • To determine the frequency distribution of these subgroups in the general population.
    • To investigate the V lambda subgroup association with amyloidosis AL.

    Main Methods:

    • Serological analysis using numerous antisera against lambda-type Bence Jones proteins and lambda chains.
    • Amino acid sequence analysis focusing on the first framework region (FR1).

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  • Isotypic analysis of lambda-type light chains isolated from normal individuals' IgG.

    • Main Results:

    • Five V lambda subgroups (V lambda I-VI) were serologically defined, correlating with FR1 sequence homology.
    • Frequency distribution in normal individuals: V lambda I (27%), V lambda II/V (37%), V lambda III (23%), V lambda IV (3%), V lambda VI (10%).
    • V lambda VI chains showed preferential association with amyloidosis AL, with a higher prevalence in affected patients.

    Conclusions:

    • The classification of human lambda light chains into five V lambda subgroups is robust.
    • The V lambda VI subgroup is disproportionately represented in amyloidosis AL.
    • Intragroup antigenic heterogeneity suggests multiple genes within the human V lambda genome.