Atrial Fibrillation in Africa-An Under-Reported and Unrecognized Risk Factor for Stroke: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease and diabetes mortality are disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries, including many in Africa.
• Global data suggests a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in African populations.
• Understanding AF prevalence and stroke risk factors in Africa is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Africa.
• To identify associated stroke risk factors within African populations.
• To quantify the need for AF screening in the region.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and African Journals Online.
• Included studies focused on atrial fibrillation prevalence and stroke risk factors in African populations.
• Data from 41 selected articles were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Atrial fibrillation (AF) was frequently not the primary focus of the studies reviewed.
• Data on the prevalence of AF in the general African population was limited.
• Significant heterogeneity was observed in study designs, populations, and reported stroke risk factors, hindering definitive conclusions.

Conclusions:

• Published reports significantly under-represent the burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Africa.
• The heterogeneity of existing studies complicates accurate assessment of AF prevalence and associated risks.
• Further standardized research is essential to address the AF burden in Africa.