Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Published on: May 16, 2025
Diagnostic effectiveness of preoperative water-soluble contrast enema in colorectal perforation
Hiroshi Takeyama1, Kimimasa Ikeda1, Katsuki Danno1
1Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Minoh City Hospital, Minoh, Osaka 562-0014, Japan.
Objective:
To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of performing a preoperative water-soluble contrast enema (WSCE) before emergency surgery for colorectal perforation.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 68 consecutive patients who underwent a preoperative WSCE before emergency surgery for colorectal perforation during the period from January 2011 to December 2017. Clinical characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers were compared between patients with Hinchey I-II versus those with Hinchey III-IV.
Results:
WSCE leakage occurred in 27 of 68 patients (39.7%). Univariate analysis showed that the two groups (Hinchey I-II and Hinchey III-IV) significantly differed regarding age, perforation site, cause of perforation, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, presence or absence of WSCE leakage, and white blood cell count. Multivariable analysis revealed that WSCE leakage was a predictor of Hinchey III-IV, with an odds ratio of greater than 24 (P = 0.002). The sensitivity and specificity of WSCE leakage for differentiating those with Hinchey III-IV from those with Hinchey I-II were 76.5% and 97.1%, respectively.
Conclusions:
This retrospective study indicates that preoperative WSCE before emergency surgery is a useful tool for predicting the presence of Hinchey III-IV in patients with colorectal perforation.
Related Concept Videos
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
Factors Affecting Solubility
Solubility Equilibria
The...
Solubility of Ionic Compounds
Lower GI Series: Barium Enema
Procedure Details
The examination begins by inserting a lubricated rectal tube into the patient's rectum to administer a radiopaque barium solution. The barium flow is carefully...

