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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures
Published on: May 7, 2013
Mario Malerba1,2, Valentina Foci1,2, Filippo Patrucco1,2
1Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Vercelli, Italy.
Long-acting muscarinic antagonist and long-acting beta agonist (LAMA/LABA) inhalers are key for managing stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review critically examines their pharmacology and clinical use, discussing current debates and future directions for COPD treatment.
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