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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

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Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
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Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Routine Colonoscopy After Acute Diverticulitis: is it Warranted?

Zi Qin Ng1, Kyaw Soe Moe1, Ruwan Wijesuriya1,2

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Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques
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Routine colonoscopy after acute diverticulitis is not necessary. Follow-up colonoscopies show advanced colonic neoplasia rates similar to general screening, suggesting it

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acute diverticulitis diagnosis and management are evolving.
  • The necessity of routine follow-up colonoscopy after acute diverticulitis is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of adenoma, advanced neoplastic lesions, and adenocarcinoma found during follow-up colonoscopy after acute diverticulitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 368 patients admitted for acute diverticulitis (November 2015 - April 2018).
  • Data included demographics, CT findings, and follow-up colonoscopy results within 12 months.

Main Results:

  • 185 patients (50.5%) underwent follow-up colonoscopy.
  • Incidence of adenomas was 25.9% and advanced colonic neoplasia was 1.62% in patients with follow-up colonoscopy.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced colonic neoplasia rates after CT-proven diverticulitis are comparable to population screening rates.
  • Routine colonoscopy is not indicated unless specific concerning symptoms or CT findings are present.