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Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

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Stoma-Site Specimen Extraction in Elective Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and

Joshua Bruinsma1, Ninan Tharakan2, Nicholas A Clausen3

  • 1Department of Urology, Royal Perth Hospital, East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Stoma-site specimen extraction (SSE) in minimally invasive colorectal surgery (MIS) is safe and effective, offering faster recovery without increasing overall complications. Vigilance for parastomal hernia is advised, especially for permanent stomas.

Keywords:
colorectal surgerylaparoscopic surgeryminimally invasive surgeryparastomal herniarobotic surgerystoma-site extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally invasive surgery
  • Colorectal surgery
  • Surgical techniques

Background:

  • Minimally invasive colorectal surgery (MIS) offers advantages over open surgery.
  • Stoma-site specimen extraction (SSE) can reduce incisions in MIS.
  • Potential for increased stoma-related complications, like parastomal hernia, with SSE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare stoma-site specimen extraction (SSE) with alternative extraction sites in MIS.
  • To evaluate stoma-related and non-stoma complications.
  • To assess perioperative outcomes and oncologic safety of SSE.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analyses of 18 studies (5699 patients).
  • Searches included PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and gray literature (1990-2025).
  • Compared SSE against midline or other extraction sites in elective laparoscopic/robotic colorectal surgery.

Main Results:

  • Overall stoma-related complication rates were comparable between SSE and other sites.
  • No significant difference in parastomal hernia risk between SSE and comparators.
  • SSE demonstrated perioperative benefits, including shorter operative time and earlier return of flatus.

Conclusions:

  • Stoma-site specimen extraction (SSE) is a safe and effective MIS technique.
  • SSE offers perioperative advantages without increasing overall complication rates.
  • Careful patient selection and closure are crucial for safe SSE, particularly for permanent stomas.