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Traffic Crashes, Violations, and Suspensions Among Young Drivers With ADHD
Allison E Curry1,2, Benjamin E Yerys3,4, Kristina B Metzger5
1Centers for Injury Research and Prevention and currya@email.chop.edu.
Pediatrics
|May 22, 2019
Summary
Drivers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face higher crash and violation rates, especially in the first months of driving. This highlights the need for enhanced safety interventions for young drivers with ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Traffic Safety Research
- Public Health
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder impacting executive functions.
- Driving is a complex task requiring sustained attention and impulse control.
- Adolescents with ADHD may exhibit higher risk-taking behaviors, potentially affecting driving safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare monthly crash, violation, and license suspension rates for drivers with and without ADHD during their initial years of licensure.
- To identify specific types of crashes and violations more prevalent among drivers with ADHD.
- To assess the impact of ADHD on driving behavior and safety outcomes in novice drivers.
Main Methods:
- Utilized electronic health records linked to New Jersey's licensing, crash, and violation databases for 14,936 drivers born between 1987-1997.
- Diagnosed ADHD based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.
- Calculated monthly per-driver rates of various crash types, violations, and suspensions, analyzing adjusted rate ratios using repeated-measures Poisson regression.
Main Results:
- Drivers with ADHD exhibited higher overall crash rates, particularly in the first month of licensure (ARR: 1.62).
- Elevated rates of specific crash types were observed, including alcohol-related crashes (2.1 times higher over 4 years).
- Drivers with ADHD had significantly higher rates of moving violations (speeding, seat belt nonuse, electronic device use) and license suspensions, with alcohol/drug violations 3.6 times higher in the first year.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents with ADHD face a particularly high crash risk during their initial months of driving.
- Preventable risky driving behaviors likely contribute to the elevated crash risk in this population.
- Comprehensive preventive strategies beyond current recommendations are crucial for improving driving safety in young drivers with ADHD.
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