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Outcome of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition and Diarrhea: a Cohort Study

Sakshi Bhatnagar1, Ruchika Kumar2, Richa Dua3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital associated Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
|May 22, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) management is effective for children with diarrhea or other medical complications. Standardized protocols ensure satisfactory weight gain and comparable outcomes, highlighting the efficacy of current treatment approaches.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a critical global health issue, leading to substantial mortality in children under five.
  • Protocol-based management is proven to reduce mortality risks in children with medical complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the outcomes of children with SAM and diarrhea (Group A) versus those with SAM and non-diarrheal medical complications (Group B).
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of standard management protocols for SAM in diverse clinical presentations.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving children aged 2 months to 5 years diagnosed with SAM.
  • Group A (diarrhea) and Group B (other complications) were managed per standard protocols.
  • Outcomes including weight gain, relapse rates, and readmissions were monitored for 12 weeks post-discharge.

Main Results:

  • Average weight gain, defaulter rates, and relapse rates were similar between Group A and Group B.
  • Children with diarrhea (Group A) had a slightly longer hospital stay (p=0.039).
  • Discharge rates were comparable, with 68% successfully discharged and 50% achieving healthy weight-for-height by 12 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • The current management protocol effectively treats children with SAM, irrespective of whether diarrhea or other complications are present.
  • Adherence to dehydration management and timely nutritional therapy modification are key for successful outcomes in persistent diarrhea cases.
Abstract

Keywords:
CachexiaDehydrationMalnutrition

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