[Epidemiology of pertussis and prevention strategies: problems and perspectives]

Pertussis vaccination has made an important contribution to the reduction in incidence of the disease, but internationally pertussis reawakens, even in highly vaccinated population groups. This resurgence seems to be attributable to various reasons: non-optimal efficacy of the vaccine; fairly rapid decay of protective antibody titers in part of the population and above all their inadequacy in preventing infections and transmission of the pathogen also from infected subjects; selective pressure of extensive vaccination with emergence of mutated resistant strains; substantial impossibility of obtaining a herd effect with the vaccines which are available nowadays. The present work analyses the state of scientific knowledge and illustrates various topics that may challenge a prevention based only on the paediatric vaccine obligation using a hexavalent vaccine. Public health strategies must be rethought, considering also different solutions that aim to fight the disease in a more targeted and potentially more effective way, avoiding major damage to people at greater risk. A currently tested strategy is the vaccination of pregnant mothers, but the experimentation of solutions less interfering with the bacterial ecology could be also considered; these solutions may only aim at avoiding major damage to subgroups at greater risk and should be integrated with initiatives to improve surveillance systems, microbiological diagnosis and lifestyle-based prevention.