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The Bacteriophages of Streptococcus pyogenes
W Michael McShan1, Kimberly A McCullor1, Scott V Nguyen1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117.
Microbiology Spectrum
|May 22, 2019
Summary
Bacteriophages, including lytic and lysogenic types, significantly influence Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep) by shaping populations, transferring genes, and impacting virulence. Understanding these phages is crucial for addressing group A strep
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Bacteriology
- Genetics
Background:
- Bacteriophages are critical in shaping bacterial populations and mediating genetic exchange.
- Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep) harbors diverse bacteriophages, including endogenous prophages and phage-like islands.
- These phages contribute to S. pyogenes virulence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted roles of bacteriophages in Streptococcus pyogenes.
- To investigate how phages influence bacterial population dynamics, virulence, and genetic transfer.
- To understand the impact of endogenous prophages and phage-like elements on S. pyogenes.
Main Methods:
- Genomic sequencing of multiple S. pyogenes isolates.
- Analysis of bacteriophage populations, including lytic and lysogenic forms.
- Investigation of phage integration sites and their effects on bacterial phenotype.
Main Results:
- Lytic phages like A25 impact population distribution and mediate generalized transduction.
- Endogenous prophages carry virulence factors and toxins, integrating at various genomic sites.
- Phage-like chromosomal islands (SpyCI) exhibit mutator phenotypes and global transcriptional regulation.
- Prophages share genetic modules, facilitating the spread of virulence factors.
Conclusions:
- Bacteriophages are key drivers of S. pyogenes evolution, virulence, and adaptation.
- Understanding phage-bacteria interactions is essential for controlling group A strep infections.
- The genetic diversity and mobile nature of phages contribute to the pathogen's success.
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