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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Linguistics

Background:

  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) impacts language acquisition.
  • The finite verb morphology composite (FVMC) is a potential marker for DLD.
  • Understanding FVMC distribution in community samples is crucial for clinical marker validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution, associations, and diagnostic accuracy of the FVMC in a large community sample of 6-year-olds.
  • To determine the FVMC's sensitivity and specificity in identifying language difficulties.
  • To examine the influence of language sample characteristics and child/family variables on FVMC scores.

Main Methods:

  • FVMC was calculated by coding morpheme occurrence in obligatory contexts from archival language samples of 676 six-year-olds.
  • Multiple regression analysis assessed variance in FVMC scores related to sample characteristics and child/family variables.
  • Sensitivity and specificity of low FVMC scores (<85%) were calculated for predicting low scores on other language measures.

Main Results:

  • FVMC scores ranged from 33% to 100% (M=93%), with 12% of participants scoring below 85%.
  • Significant covariates included number of obligatory contexts (R²=3%), performance IQ (R²=11%), and adult FVMC (R²=18%).
  • Sensitivity for predicting language difficulties ranged from 25% to 35%, while specificity was high (91-92%).

Conclusions:

  • FVMC scores in 6-year-olds are typically high, but a notable percentage falls below a potential clinical threshold.
  • FVMC scores are influenced by language sample properties, child cognitive abilities, and adult interlocutor language.
  • The FVMC demonstrated lower sensitivity in this community sample compared to clinical group studies, highlighting the need for validation in representative populations.