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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Is Associated with Altered Brain Volumes and White Matter Microstructure in Preterm

Jong-Min Lee1, Yong-Ho Choi1, Jinwoo Hong1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Neonatology
|May 22, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) impairs white matter development in preterm infants. This condition is linked to reduced brain volumes and altered white matter microstructure, impacting neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neuroscience
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an inflammatory lung disease affecting preterm infants.
  • BPD is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain volume and white matter (WM) microstructure in preterm infants with and without BPD.
  • To assess the impact of BPD on brain development at term-equivalent age.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 56 preterm infants (33 with BPD, 23 without) and 22 healthy term infants.
  • Utilized advanced MRI segmentation and diffusion tensor imaging for quantitative analysis.
  • Employed atlas-based analysis using the JHU neonatal template.

Main Results:

  • Preterm infants with BPD had significantly smaller cerebral WM volumes compared to those without BPD.
  • Infants with BPD showed reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, and superior cerebellar peduncle.
  • These findings were independent of confounding factors like sex and gestational age.

Conclusions:

  • BPD negatively influences WM and cerebellar development in preterm infants.
  • These brain alterations suggest clinical significance for the neurodevelopmental trajectory of infants with BPD.
Abstract

Keywords:
Brain microstructureBrain volumesBronchopulmonary dysplasiaDiffusion tensor imagingVery-low-birth-weight infant

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