[Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction]

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction Abstract. Bladder outlet obstruction affects up to every fourth woman. This condition is causing difficulties to void. Patients complain about frequency, an urge to void, or they describe the feeling of post-void residual urine. Increased post-void residual urine or a pathological micturition pattern with increased pressure or pathological flow curves are suggestive for a bladder outlet obstruction. Common causes are genital organ prolapse, previous incontinence surgery, or dysfunctional voiding. Correspondingly, the underlying etiology is determining therapy: surgical correction of the pelvic organ prolapse usually eliminates the obstructive situation; a tightly placed incontinence sling should be loosened or incised, while dysfunctional disorders can be well addressed by pelvic floor rehabilitation.