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Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: an update focused on clinical grading system

A M Zicari1, G Capata2, M Nebbioso3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, Italy.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics
|May 23, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe pediatric eye disease lacking standardized diagnostic criteria. This review highlights the need for clear grading systems to improve VKC diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Allergy
  • Ocular Surface Disease

Background:

  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe, chronic inflammatory eye condition primarily affecting children.
  • Prevalence is low, but symptoms like conjunctival hyperemia and papillary hypertrophy necessitate accurate diagnosis.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack standardization, complicating disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).
  • Focus on clinical grading systems for VKC diagnosis and severity assessment.
  • Review recent literature published in the last decade.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of scientific databases for papers on VKC.
  • Focus on studies published within the last 10 years.
  • Analysis of clinical grading systems and diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • No standardized diagnostic criteria currently exist for VKC.
  • Lack of uniformity in defining VKC disease severity.
  • Difficulty in accurate diagnosis and treatment due to inconsistent criteria.

Conclusions:

  • VKC symptoms overlap significantly with allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Need for probable, possible, or improbable diagnostic criteria.
  • Development of parameters to aid pediatricians in referring patients to ophthalmologists for confirmation.
Abstract

Keywords:
Clinical markersDiagnosisGradingVernal keratoconjunctivitis

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